Do I need an amateur radio license?

Short answer: No

Meshtastic and MeshCore operate in the 902-902–928 MHz ISM band under FCC Part 15 rules (47 CFR § 15.247.247 and related provisions). No amateur radio license is required for standard operation in the United States.States — meaning the device as configured by the official apps for your region, with licensed/ham mode left off. Note that unlicensed Part 15 operation carries conditions: your device must not cause harmful interference and must accept any interference received (47 CFR § 15.5).

Why many operators are licensed hams

The amateur radio community has been an early adopter of LoRa mesh. HoweverIn standard (default, encrypted) configuration the protocols runoperate under Part 15, not Part 97 (amateur rules)., Yourand a license changes nothing about that mode. However, 902–928 MHz is also the amateur 33 cm band, so licensed status does not change what youhams can dooptionally onoperate mesh radios under Part 97 with more power and higher-gain antennas — subject to the ISMrestrictions mesh.below. You don't need a license to use the mesh; a license adds optional capabilities.

When a license IS relevant

APRSOperating gateway: Bridging Meshtastic to APRS-IS requires at least a Technician license because APRS operates on 144.390 MHz under Part 97.Aboveabove Part 15 power limits: Operating above 1W1 conductedW transmitter output power / 4W4 W EIRP (the 1 W limit plus the allowed 6 dBi of antenna gain) is not permitted under Part 15 at all. Licensed amateurs may exceed these limits on 902–928 MHz under Part 97, up to 10 W PEP for spread spectrum (47 CFR § 97.313(j)) — but only with encryption disabled (§ 97.113(a)(4)) and call-sign identification at the end of each communication and at least every 10 minutes during it (§ 97.119). Default Meshtastic and MeshCore channels are encrypted, so raising power on a stock configuration is illegal even with a license. Meshtastic's "licensed (ham) mode" handles this: it sets your callsign, transmits it periodically, and disables encryption. Amateur-band operation generally: Transmitting LoRa hardware under amateur privileges — on the 33 cm band or any other amateur allocation — requires an amateur license and full Part 97 compliance. APRS gateway: Feeding Meshtastic traffic into APRS-IS (the internet backbone of the ham APRS network) requires a license.Non-ISM frequencies: Using LoRa hardware onvalid amateur bandsradio callsign — APRS-IS access is restricted to licensed amateurs. Transmitting APRS over RF (144.390 MHz in North America) additionally requires at least a license.Technician-class license under Part 97.

Canada

Similar unlicensed ISM bandlicence-exempt rules apply in Canada under ISED RSS-210/247 (with RSS-GEN.Gen general requirements). No license is needed for standard Meshtastic/MeshCore operation. The license-relevant cases above are stated in US (FCC) terms; the Canadian amateur equivalent is the Amateur Radio Operator Certificate issued by ISED.