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Choosing an Enclosure The enclosure protects your electronics from weather, UV, and physical damage. Choose based on IP rating requirements, available mounting options, and your willingness to do custom drilling and fitting. IP Rating Guide RatingProtectionS...

Weatherproofing Tips Even a good IP65-rated enclosure can leak if improperly assembled. These tips cover the details that matter in practice. Cable Gland Selection and Installation Cable glands are the most common failure point. The gland must match the cable...

Understanding Gain and dBi Antenna gain is one of the most misunderstood topics in practical LoRa deployment. More gain is not always better — understanding what gain actually does will help you choose the right antenna for each deployment scenario. What dBi ...

Connector Types & Coax Cable Using the wrong connector or cable is one of the most common and frustrating mistakes when setting up LoRa hardware. This page covers everything you need to know to buy and connect antennas correctly. SMA vs. RP-SMA SMA (SubMiniat...

Portable & Handheld Antennas Portable antennas attach directly to your device and travel with you. The primary trade-off is between size/weight and gain. For handheld use, a compact 2–3 dBi antenna is usually optimal — higher gain antennas are longer and conce...

Base Station & Outdoor Antennas Outdoor and base station antennas are designed for permanent weatherproof installation at height. They use larger radomes and N-connector interfaces, and are tuned more precisely than portable whips. ALFA 5 dBi Mini — $18 A com...

Directional Antennas Directional antennas concentrate RF energy in a specific direction rather than radiating omnidirectionally. They are used for point-to-point backbone links between fixed sites where maximum range is needed in a known direction. ALFA 12 dB...

Overview A NanoVNA (Vector Network Analyzer) is the essential tool for verifying antenna performance before deployment. It measures SWR (Standing Wave Ratio) and impedance — telling you how well your antenna is matched to the 50 Ω system and whether it is reso...

Current Draw & Power Budgets Understanding how much power your node consumes is the starting point for sizing batteries and solar panels. LoRa mesh nodes have variable current draw depending on what they are doing at any given moment. Typical Current Draw by ...

Battery Chemistry Guide Choosing the right battery chemistry for your deployment is critical. The wrong choice leads to shortened battery life, safety hazards, or a node that fails in cold weather. Li-ion 18650 Cells The 18650 is the workhorse battery for DIY...

Solar Panel & Charge Controller Selection Selecting the right panel and charge controller determines whether your solar node stays online year-round. This page covers available options and selection criteria. Solar Panels RAK Solar Panel 5V — $25 A small 5V ...

Sizing Your Solar System Proper solar sizing means the system produces enough energy to run indefinitely through your worst-case season while maintaining enough battery reserve to survive multiple consecutive cloudy days. Step-by-Step Sizing Process Step 1: ...

Cold Weather Operation Solar power systems in cold climates face challenges that warm-climate systems do not. This page consolidates solar-specific cold weather guidance. See also the DIY Build Guide > Cold Weather & Winter Operation page for enclosure and bat...